General Specification for Civil Engineering Works, 2020 Edition

The General Specification for Civil Engineering Works lays down the quality of materials, the standards of workmanship, the testing methods and the acceptance criteria for civil engineering works undertaken for the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Where necessary, this General Specification should be supplemented by a particular specification.

土木工程通用指南规定了为香港特别行政区政府承建的土木工程的材料质量、工艺标准、测试方法和验收准则。 必要时，本通用指南应补充特定技术要求。

6.48.1 Fill material in areas of fill shall be compacted in layers to a stable condition as soon as practicable after deposition and in a manner appropriate to the location and to the material to be compacted.

6.48.1 填料区域的填料应在沉积后尽快分层压实至稳定状态，压实方式应适合压实位置和材料。

6.48.2 The permission of the Engineer shall be obtained before the next layer is deposited on each layer of compacted fill material.

6.48.2 在每层压实填料上沉积下一层之前，应获得工程师的许可。

6.48.3 Except as stated in Clauses 6.50(2), 6.52(1), 6.54(2), 6.57 and 6.66, fill material shall be compacted to obtain a relative compaction of at least 95% throughout unless otherwise stated in the Contract.

6.48.3 除第6.50(2)、6.52(1)、6.54(2)、6.57和6.66条另有规定外，除非合同中另有规定，否则应压实填料，以获得至少95%的相对压实度。

6.49.1 Fill material other than rock fill material and material as stated in Clause 6.52(1) shall be at optimum moisture content during compaction. The tolerance on the optimum moisture content percentage shall be ±3%, provided that the fill material is still capable of being compacted in accordance with the specified requirements to form stable areas of fill. All necessary measures shall be taken to achieve and maintain the specified moisture content.

6.49.1 除岩石填料和第6.52(1)条所述材料外，其他填料应在压实过程中处于最佳含水量。最佳含水量百分比的公差应为±3%，前提是填充材料仍能按照规定要求压实，以形成稳定的填充区域。应采取一切必要措施，以达到并保持规定的含水量。

6.50.1 Fill material shall be compacted in such a manner that structures or utilities are not disturbed or damaged.

6.50.1 填料的压实方式应确保结构或公用设施不受干扰或损坏。

6.50.2 Fill material around water, sewage and drainage pipes, which are constructed as part of the permanent work, shall be compacted by hand-rammers or manually operated power equipment. Fill material within 300 mm above the top of sewage and drainage pipes shall be compacted to obtain a relative compaction of at least 85% throughout.

6.50.2 作为永久工程的一部分建造的水、污水和排水管道周围的填料应使用手动夯锤或手动动力设备压实。污水管和排水管顶部以上300mm范围内的填料应压实，以获得至少85%的相对压实度。

6.51.1 Every layer of rock fill material shall be compacted by at least eight passes of a vibrating roller or by other equivalent compaction method approved by the Engineer. The final surface of rock fill material shall be compacted by at least two additional passes of a vibrating roller or by other equivalent compaction method approved by the Engineer.

6.51.1 每层填石材料应通过振动压路机或工程师批准的其他等效压实方法至少压实八遍。岩石填充材料的最终表面应通过振动压路机的至少两次额外压实或通过工程师批准的其他等效压实方法进行压实。

6.51.2 Vibratory rollers used for the compaction of rock fill material shall have a static load per 100 mm width of roll of at least 2 kN for layers with a compacted thickness not exceeding 500 mm and at least 4 kN for layers with a compacted thickness exceeding 500 mm.

6.51.2 用于压实填石材料的振动压路机，对于压实厚度不超过500mm的层，每100mm宽度的压路机应具有至少2kN的静载荷，对于压实厚超过500mm层，应具有至少4kN的静荷载。

6.52.1 For general fill material of which less than 90% passes a 20 mm BS test sieve, it is difficult to determine of the moisture content and maximum dry density according to Clauses 6.75(2), 6.75(3), 6.78(2), 6.81(5) and 6.81(6). This type of material shall be compacted to the requirements of Clauses 6.52(2), 6.52(3) and 6.52(4).

6.52.1 对于小于90%通过20mm BS试验筛的普通填料，很难根据第6.75(2)、6.75(3)、6.78(2)、6.81(5)和6.81(6)条的规定确定含水量和最大干密度。此类材料应按照第6.52(2)条、6.52(3)条和6.52(4)条的要求压实。

6.52.2 Each horizontal layer of general fill material shall be spread and levelled with a thickness not less than 1.5 times of the maximum size of the general fill material and not exceeding the maximum depth of compacted layer in accordance with Table 6.2A. If there is a presence of over-sized coarse material in the general fill, the over-sized coarse material shall be removed or broken down to sizes acceptable to the Engineer. Each layer shall be systematically compacted by a vibratory roller with the stipulated minimum number of passes corresponding to the minimum static load per 100 mm width of the roller.

6.52.2 根据表6.2A，每个水平的普通填料层应摊铺和整平，厚度不小于普通填料最大尺寸的1.5倍，也不超过压实层的最大深度。如果普通填料中存在尺寸过大的粗料，过大尺寸的粗料应清除或分解成工程师可接受的尺寸。每层应通过振动压路机进行系统压实，规定的最小遍数对应于压路机每100 mm宽度的最小静载荷。

6.52.3 The number of passes of the roller shall only be counted when the roller is travelled on the material to be compacted at a speed of not more than 2 km per hour with full vibration. Plant other than a vibratory roller carrying out material spreading or providing some preliminary compaction, to assist the use of heavier plant, shall be disregarded in counting the number of passes.

6.52.3 只有当压路机以不超过2km/h的速度在充分振动的情况下在待压实材料上行驶时，才应计算压路机的碾压次数。除振动压路机以外的设备进行材料摊铺或提供一些初步压实，以帮助使用较重的设备，在计算通过次数时应忽略。

6.52.4 Variation from the method or the use of plant different from that specified in Clause 6.52(2) will be permitted only if the Contractor demonstrates at site trials that equivalent compaction is achieved by the alternative method or plant. The procedure to be adopted for these site trials shall be agreed with and approved by the Engineer.

6.52.4 只有当承包商在现场试验中证明通过替代方法或装置实现了等效压实时，才允许对不同于第6.52(2) 条规定的方法或装置的使用进行变更。这些现场试验所采用的程序应得到工程师的同意和批准。

6.52.5 Without prejudice to the provision of the Conditions of Contract and in order that the Engineer may take proper provision for the supervision of compaction in the permanent work, the Contractor shall, not less than 24 hours before he proposes to carry out compaction processes, apply in writing to the Engineer for permission to do so.

6.52.5 在不影响合同条件规定的情况下，为了监理工程师能够对永久工程中的压实进行适当的监督，承包商应在其提议进行压实过程前不少于24小时，以书面形式向监理工程师申请许可。

6.52.6 When materials of widely divergent grading are used in embankments and fill areas, they shall be spread and compacted in separate clearly defined areas.

6.52.6 当路堤和填土区使用级配差异较大的材料时，应将其摊铺并压实在单独的明确区域。

6.52.7 If more than one class of material is being used in such a way that in the opinion of the Engineer, it is not practicable to define the areas in which each class occurs, compaction plant shall be operated as if only the material that requires the greatest compaction effort is being compacted.

6.52.7 如果使用一种以上的材料，工程师认为无法确定每种材料的区域，则应将压实设备应按照需要最大压实力的材料来选取。

6.53.1 Earthwork final surfaces shall be completed to a stable condition as soon as practicable after excavation or after deposition and compaction of fill material has been completed. The subsequent permanent work or surface protection shall be carried out as soon as practicable after the earthworks final surface has been completed.

6.53.1 土方工程最终表面应在开挖后或填充材料的沉积和压实完成后尽快达到稳定状态。土方工程最终表面完工后，应尽快进行后续永久性工程或表面保护。

6.53.2 Earthworks final surfaces shall be completed to smooth alignments without abrupt irregularities unless otherwise stated in the Contract.

6.53.2 除非合同中另有规定，否则土方工程的最终表面应平整对齐，不得出现突然的不规则现象。

6.54.1 Formations above structures or utilities shall be completed after construction of the structure or utility.

6.54.1 结构或公用设施上方的地层应在结构或公用工程施工后完成。

6.54.2 Except in excavations in rock and in areas of fill formed of rock fill material or fill material as stated in Clause 6.52(1), formations shall be compacted to obtain a relative compaction of at least 98% to a depth of 200 mm below the formation.

6.54.2 除岩石开挖和第6.52(1)条规定的由岩石填充材料或填充材料形成的填充区域外，应压实地层，使其相对压实度至少达到98%，达到地层以下200mm的深度。

6.54.3 Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, proof rolling shall be carried out on formations. The formation shall be rolled in the presence of the Engineer by at least two passes of a non-vibrating rubber tyred roller. The roller shall have a static load per 100 mm width of roll of at least 4 kN and shall travel at a speed not exceeding 2 km/h. Any defect in the ormation which is revealed during proof rolling by deformation of the formation which in the opinion of the Engineer is excessive shall be made good as instructed by the Engineer.

6.54.3 除非工程师另有许可，否则应在地层上进行碾压验证。应在工程师在场的情况下，使用非振动橡胶轮胎压路机至少碾压两遍。压路机每100 mm宽度的辊应具有至少4 kN的静载荷，并且应以不超过2 km/h的速度行驶。在碾压验证过程中，由于地层变形而暴露出的任何地层缺陷，如果工程师认为这些缺陷过大，则应按照工程师的指示进行修复。

6.54.4 After all other formation work and testing have been completed and damage caused by testing reinstated, formations for pavements shall be rolled with one pass of a smooth steel-wheeled non-vibrating roller. The roller shall have a load per 100 mm width of roll of at least 2 kN.

6.54.4 在完成所有其他平整工作和测试并恢复测试造成的损坏后，应使用光面钢轮非振动压路机对路面平整进行一次碾压。压路机每100 mm宽度的辊应具有至少2 kN的负载。

6.54.5 Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, formation surfaces that will not be immediately covered by the subsequent permanent works shall be protected by methods agreed by the Engineer.

6.54.5 除非工程师另有许可，否则后续永久工程不会立即覆盖的基面应采用工程师同意的方法进行保护。

6.55.1 Earthwork final surfaces and formations shall be maintained in a stable condition and shall be protected from damage due to water or other causes and from exposure to conditions which may adversely affect the surface.

6.55.1 土方工程最终表面和地层应保持稳定，并应保护其免受水或其他原因造成的损坏，以及暴露在可能对表面产生不利影响的条件下。

6.55.2 Formation shall not be used by construction plant or vehicles other than those which, in the opinion of the Engineer, are essential to construct the subsequent work.

6.55.2 除工程师认为对后续工程施工至关重要的施工设备或车辆外，施工设备或其他车辆不得使用形成的地层。

6.56.1 Fill material may be deposited in intermediate areas of fill by end-tipping or by pushing into position until, in the opinion of the Engineer, it is sufficient to form a stable foundation on which to construct the subsequent work.

6.56.1 填料可以通过端部倾倒或推入到位的方式沉积在填料的中间区域，直到工程师认为足以形成稳定的基础，以便在其上进行后续工程。

6.57.1 Fill material in intermediate areas of fill up to the level stated in Clause 6.56 shall be compacted to a degree, which in the opinion of the Engineer is practicable. Except as stated in Clause 6.52(1), fill material above the level stated in Clause 6.56 shall be compacted to obtain a relative compaction of at least: (a) 90% throughout, (b) 95% within 1.5 m of earthworks final surfaces and formations, and (c) 98% within 200 mm of formations.

6.57.1 达到第6.56.1条规定水平的中间填充区域的填充材料应压实到工程师认为可行的程度。除第6.52(1)条所述外，应压实第6.56条所述标高以上的填料，以获得至少以下相对压实度：（a）整个压实度为90%，（b）土方工程最终表面和地层1.5m范围内的压实度为95%，以及（c）地层200mm范围内的98%。