General Specification for Civil Engineering Works, 2020 Edition

The General Specification for Civil Engineering Works lays down the quality of materials, the standards of workmanship, the testing methods and the acceptance criteria for civil engineering works undertaken for the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Where necessary, this General Specification should be supplemented by a particular specification.

土木工程通用指南规定了为香港特别行政区政府承建的土木工程的材料质量、工艺标准、测试方法和验收准则。 必要时，本通用指南应补充特定技术要求。

6.30.1 Blasting operations, including the supply, transport and storage of explosives, on site manufacture of explosives, and the use of explosives including preparing, placing and firing a charge, handling misfires, and destroying or disposing surplus/unused explosives, as well as related preventive, protective, monitoring and contingency measures, shall be in accordance with the conditions and restrictions imposed by the Commissioner of Mines. The Contractor shall make all arrangements with and obtain all licences and permits from the Commissioner of Mines in connection with blasting operations.

6.30.1 爆破作业，包括爆炸物的供应、运输和储存，爆炸物的现场制造，以及爆炸物的使用，包括准备、放置和发射装药，处理哑火，销毁或处置剩余/未使用的爆炸物，以及相关的预防、保护、监测和应急措施，须符合矿务总监所施加的条件及限制。承包商应与矿务总监作出一切安排，并从矿务总监处获得与爆破作业有关的所有执照和许可证。

6.31.1 Measurements of vibrations and air-overpressures shall be taken at locations as stated in the conditions of the blasting permit/licence and at any other locations stated in the Contract or instructed by the Engineer at all times when blasting is carried out. Arrangements for installing instruments and taking measurements both inside and outside the Site shall be made by the Contractor. Records of vibration/air-overpressure measurements, in a format to be agreed by the Engineer, shall be kept by the Contractor on the site and a copy of the records shall be provided to the Engineer.

6.31.1 振动和空气超压的测量应在爆破许可证/执照条件中规定的位置进行，以及在进行爆破时，在合同中规定或工程师指示的任何其他位置进行。承包商应安排在现场内外安装仪器和进行测量。承包商应在现场保存振动/空气超压测量记录，其格式应经工程师同意，并向工程师提供一份记录副本。

6.31.2 Blasting monitoring equipment shall have adequate sensitivity and a measurement range commensurate with that required for monitoring affected sensitive receivers. The number, type and specification of all blasting monitoring equipment shall be agreed with the Engineer prior to commencing blasting.

6.31.2 爆破监测设备应具有足够的灵敏度和与监测受影响敏感接收器所需的测量范围相称的测量范围。所有爆破监测设备的数量、类型和规格应在开始爆破前与工程师达成一致。

6.31.3 Vibrations due to blasting shall be measured in terms of particle velocity and vibrational amplitude for all of the three amplitude orthogonal axes. Unless stipulated otherwise as the controlling criterion for a structure being monitored and/or instructed by the Engineer, the peak particle velocity and the peak vibrational amplitude shall be taken as the maximum values recorded for any one of the three orthogonal axes during the blast vibration history. The peak particle acceleration shall also be calculated and reported.

6.31.3 爆破引起的振动应根据质点速度和所有三个振幅正交轴的振动振幅进行测量。除非另有规定作为监理工程师监测和/或指示的结构的控制标准，否则峰值质点速度和峰值振动振幅应作为爆破振动历史期间三个正交轴中任何一个的最大记录值。还应计算并报告峰值质点加速度。

6.31.4 Unless otherwise stated in the Contract or agreed by the Engineer, instrumentation used for monitoring vibrations shall record the full time history of the blast event in terms of peak particle velocity and vibration amplitude over a frequency of 2-250 Hz in three mutually perpendicular directions.

6.31.4 除非合同中另有规定或工程师同意，否则用于监测振动的仪器应记录爆炸事件的全时历史，即在三个相互垂直的方向上，在2-250 Hz的频率上的峰值颗粒速度和振幅。

6.31.5 Unless otherwise stated in the Contract or agreed by the Engineer, the instrumentation used to monitor air-overpressure shall record the absolute maximum pressure level in dBL and shall be able to reproduce the signal for the full duration of the blast event. The frequency range of the measurement equipment must also cover the frequency from at least 2 Hz to 250 Hz.

6.31.5 除非合同中另有规定或工程师同意，否则用于监测空气超压的仪器应记录绝对最大压力水平，单位为dBL，并且应能够在爆炸事件的整个持续时间内再现信号。测量设备的频率范围也必须覆盖至少2 Hz至250Hz的频率。

6.31.6 The accuracy of seismographs for vibration monitoring and the equipment for air-overpressure monitoring shall be checked at regular intervals, as per the manufacturer's recommendations, and agreed by the Engineer, and a copy of relevant calibration certificates issued by the manufacturer or an authorized calibration laboratory shall be submitted to the Engineer.

6.31.6 应根据制造商的建议并经工程师同意，定期检查振动监测地震仪和空气超压监测设备的准确性，并向工程师提交制造商或授权校准实验室颁发的相关校准证书副本。

6.32.1 Before each blast is carried out, all vegetation, overburden and soft or loose material shall be removed to expose the rock that is to be blasted, in order to assess the suitability of the proposed blast design and related safety measures.

6.32.1 每次爆破前，应清除所有植被、覆盖层和软质或松散材料，露出待爆破的岩石，以评估拟议爆破设计和相关安全措施的适用性。

6.33.1 The Contractor shall notify the Engineer by not later than noon of the previous day of his intention to bring any explosives to the Site or to carry out any blasting.

6.33.1 承包商应在前一天中午之前通知工程师其将任何炸药带到现场或进行任何爆破的意图。

6.34.1 Explosives and detonators shall not be stored on the Site unless in a temporary site magazine (Mode A store) approved by the Commissioner of Mines. All explosives and detonators left over after charging in a blast must be disposed of, in accordance with a disposal method approved by the Commissioner of Mines.

6.34.1 爆炸物和雷管不得存放在现场，除非存放在矿务总监批准的临时现场仓库（a类仓库）中。必须按照矿务总监批准的处理方法，处理爆炸后遗留的所有炸药和雷管。

6.35.1 Unless permitted by the Commissioner of Mines and the Engineer, blasting shall not be carried out at the following times: (a) On General Holidays, (b) Before 8:30 a.m. or after 5:30 p.m. on any day, (c) When a Hong Kong Observatory thunderstorm warning is in force, and (d) When strong wind signal or storm signal No. 3 or higher is hoisted.

6.35.1 除非矿务署署长及工程师准许，否则不得在以下时间进行爆破：（a）公众假期；（b）任何一天上午8时30分前或下午5时30分后；（c）香港天文台雷暴警告生效时；及（d）悬挂强风或三号或更高风暴信号时。

6.36.1 Unless otherwise permitted by the Commissioner of Mines, sufficient protective measures shall be available on site, prior to the issue of a Blasting Permit and subject to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Mines, to prevent the projection of flying fragments of materials (flyrock) resulting from blasting.

6.36.1 除非矿务署署长另有准许，否则在发出爆破许可证前，矿场须备有足够的保护措施，以防止爆破产生的物料（飞石）飞散，并满足矿务署长的要求。

6.36.2 Unless permitted by the Commissioner of Mines, surface charges shall not be used.

6.36.2 除非获得矿务总监许可，否则不得使用地面装药。

6.36.3 Unless otherwise permitted by the Commissioner of Mines, dry, angular crushed rock of 10 mm diameter shall be used for stemming and decking between charges in a blast hole.

6.36.3 除非矿务署署长另有准许，否则炮孔内装药之间的填塞和铺盖应采用直径为10毫米的干燥、有棱角的碎石。

6.36.4 Unless permitted by the Commissioner of Mines, electric detonators shall not be used within 60 m of overhead power lines. The use of electric detonators in the vicinity of static or mobile radio transmitters shall comply with PD CLC/TR 50426.

6.36.4 除非获矿务总监准许，否则不得在架空电力线60米范围内使用电雷管。在静态或移动无线电发射机附近使用电雷管应符合PD CLC/TR 50426的规定。

6.36.5 Unless otherwise permitted by the Commissioner of Mines, delay blasting with millisecond delays shall be used for all blasting, except as stated in Clause 6.37(6).

6.36.5 除第6.37(6)条规定外，除非矿务总监另有许可，否则所有爆破均应采用毫秒延迟的延迟爆破。

6.36.6 Unless permitted by the Director of Water Supplies or his delegate and the Engineer, blasting shall not be carried out within a distance of: (a) 50 m on plan from any water retaining structure of Water Supplies Department; (b) 6 m on plan from water mains or other water supply structures or installations; (c) 60 m on plan from the centre line of any waterworks tunnel; and (d) 100 m on plan from the centre line of any submarine pipeline.

6.36.6 除非水务署署长或其代表及工程师准许，否则不得在以下距离内进行爆破：（a）距离水务署任何挡水构筑物50米（按图则）；（b） 平面图上距总水管或其他供水结构或装置6米；（c） 在平面图上，距离任何水务隧道的中心线60米；以及（d）平面上距离任何海底管道中心线100米。

6.36.7 Unless permitted by the Engineer, the vibrations at structures, installations, slopes and land due to blasting measured in terms of peak particle velocity and/or peak vibrational amplitude shall not exceed the values stipulated in the Contract and those submitted to the Commissioner of Mines in support of the application for a Blasting Permit. If additional or different requirements are identified during the course of the Contract, the Contractor shall seek agreement from the relevant owners of the structures, installations, slopes and land, regulatory authorities, maintenance authorities and/or the Engineer on such requirements and adhere to the agreed requirements.

6.36.7 除非工程师允许，否则根据峰值质点速度和/或峰值振动振幅测量的爆破引起的结构、装置、斜坡和土地的振动不得超过合同规定的值，也不得超过为支持爆破许可证申请而提交给矿务总监的值。如果在合同过程中确定了额外或不同的要求，承包商应就这些要求征求结构、装置、斜坡和土地的相关业主、监管机构、维护机构和/或工程师的同意，并遵守商定的要求。

6.36.8 Unless more stringent values are stipulated in the Contract or identified during the course of the Contract, or other appropriate values are permitted by the Engineer, the vibrations at structures and installations as referred to in sub-clause (7) of this Clause shall not exceed the values stated in Table 6.2.

6.36.8 除非合同中规定了更严格的值，或在合同过程中确定了更严格值，或工程师允许其他适当的值，否则6.36.7中提及的结构和装置的振动不得超过表6.2中规定的值。

6.36.9 Unless permitted by the Engineer, the air-overpressure level measured shall not exceed the values stipulated in the Contract and those submitted to the Commissioner of Mines in support of the application for a Blasting Permit. If additional and different requirements are identified during the course of the Contract, the Contractor shall seek agreement from the regulatory authorities, maintenance authorities and/or the Engineer on such requirements and adhere to the agreed requirements.

6.36.9 除非工程师允许，否则测得的空气超压水平不得超过合同规定的值以及为支持爆破许可证申请而提交给矿务总监的值。如果在合同过程中发现了额外的和不同的要求，承包商应就这些要求征求监管机构、维护机构和/或工程师的同意，并遵守商定的要求。

6.37.1 Earthworks final surfaces which are to be formed by blasting and which slope at a gradient exceeding 2 vertical to 1 horizontal and exceed 3 m in height shall be formed by pre-splitting. Other methods of controlled blasting shall not be used unless permitted by the Engineer.

6.37.1 通过爆破形成的土方工程最终表面，如果其坡度超过2:1(垂直:水平)，高度超过3m，应通过预裂形成。除非工程师允许，否则不得使用其他控制爆破方法。

6.37.2 Pre-splitting and other methods of controlled blasting shall be carried out in such a manner that the rock mass is cleanly split on the required plane to within the specified tolerances and such that rock outside the earthworks final surface is not shattered or loosened.

6.37.2 预裂和其他控制爆破方法的实施方式应确保岩体在规定的公差范围内，在要求的平面上干净地分裂，并且土方工程最终表面外的岩石不会破碎或松动。

6.37.3 Faces formed by pre-splitting or other methods of controlled blasting shall not exceed 15 m in height in any one blasting operation unless permitted by the Engineer.

6.37.3 在任何一次爆破操作中，通过预裂或其他控制爆破方法形成的面高度不得超过15m，除非工程师允许。

6.37.4 If an earthworks final surface is to be formed by pre-splitting or other methods of controlled blasting: (a) Other blast holes shall be located at a sufficient distance from the earthworks final surface to avoid damaging the surface, and (b) The row of blast holes nearest to that surface shall be parallel to the row of pre-splitting holes.

6.37.4 如果土方工程最终表面是通过预裂或其他控制爆破方法形成的：（a）其他爆破孔应位于距离土方工程最终面足够远的位置，以避免损坏表面，以及（b）离该表面最近的一排爆破孔应与预裂孔平行。

6.37.5 Holes for pre-splitting shall not be drilled into the sub-grade below berm levels. Rock that remains in position on berms after blasting shall be removed by methods other than blasting.

6.37.5 预裂孔不得钻入护堤以下的路基。爆破后保留在护堤上的岩石应通过爆破以外的方法清除。

6.37.6 Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, the Contractor shall propose and agree with the Engineer all particulars of pre-splitting, including but not limited to the length of explosives loaded in the blast holes, the detonating sequence and delays, the blast hole diameter and spacing, the hole inclination relative to the final surface.

6.37.6 除非合同中另有规定，承包商应向工程师提出预裂的所有细节并达成一致，包括但不限于装在爆破孔中的炸药长度、引爆顺序和延迟、爆破孔直径和间距、孔相对于最终表面的倾斜度。