General Specification for Civil Engineering Works, 2020 Edition

The General Specification for Civil Engineering Works lays down the quality of materials, the standards of workmanship, the testing methods and the acceptance criteria for civil engineering works undertaken for the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Where necessary, this General Specification should be supplemented by a particular specification.

土木工程通用指南规定了为香港特别行政区政府承建的土木工程的材料质量、工艺标准、测试方法和验收准则。 必要时，本通用指南应补充特定技术要求。

6.24.1 Excavations for structures, pits and trenches shall be the minimum size necessary to construct the permanent work. The sides of excavations shall be vertical unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer.

6.24.1 为修建构筑物、坑和沟渠的开挖应为建造永久工程所需的最小尺寸。除非工程师另有许可，否则开挖的侧面应垂直。

6.24.2 The length of trench excavation left open at any one time shall not exceed that agreed by the Engineer.

6.24.2 任何时候敞开的沟槽开挖长度不得超过工程师同意的长度。

6.24.3 Unless permitted by the Engineer, trenches for utilities in fill areas shall not be excavated until the fill material has been deposited and compacted up to the earthworks final surface or formation or up to 1 m above the top of the utility, whichever is lower.

6.24.3 除非工程师允许，否则在填充材料沉积并压实至土方工程最终表面或地层或公用设施顶部上方1m（以较低者为准）之前，不得开挖填充区公用设施沟槽。

6.24.4 When excavating material other than rock to the specified levels for the foundation of any structure or to the specified limits for the face of any structure required abutting undisturbed ground, the Contractor shall not excavate the last 150 mm until immediately before commencing the constructional work, except where the Supervisor permits otherwise.

6.24.4 当将除岩石以外的材料挖掘到任何结构基础的规定水平或任何结构表面所需的与未扰动地面邻接的规定极限时，除非监理另有许可，否则承包商不得在施工工程开始前挖掘最后150mm。

6.24.5 Excavations shall be kept free of water to 0.5m below excavation level.

6.24.5 开挖面以下0.5m处应保持无水。

6.24.6 The bottom of all excavations shall be levelled carefully and stepped or benched horizontally as shown on the Drawings. Any pockets of soft material or loose rock at the bottom of all foundation excavations shall be removed and the resulting cavities and any large fissures filled with Grade 10 concrete. After placing of any blinding concrete required by this contract, no trimming of the side faces of the excavation shall be carried out for 24 hours.

6.24.6 所有开挖的底部应小心整平，并按图纸所示水平放置台阶或台阶。应清除所有基础开挖底部的任何软质材料或松散岩石袋，并用10级混凝土填充由此产生的空洞和任何大裂缝。浇筑本合同要求的任何垫层混凝土后，24小时内不得对开挖侧面进行修整。

6.24.7 The Contractor shall make good at his own expense: (a) Any lateral overbreak of the excavation above the bottom of the foundation greater than the net volume required for the permanent works with material of the same type specified as backfill to structures or, where the excavation is too narrow to allow the compaction of earthworks material, with Grade 20 concrete or other material required by the Supervisor. (b) Any additional excavation at or below the bottom of foundations, including that resulting from removal of material which the Contractor has allowed to deteriorate, with Grade 20 concrete or other material required by the Supervisor.

6.24.7 承包商应自费修复：（a）基础底部以上开挖的任何横向超挖，大于永久性工程所需的净体积，使用指定为结构回填的同一类型材料，或者，如果开挖太窄，无法压实土方工程材料，采用20级混凝土或监理要求的其他材料。（b） 基础底部或底部以下的任何额外开挖，包括因承包商允许变质的材料、20级混凝土或监理要求的其他材料的移除而产生的开挖。

6.24.8 When the formation levels or limits of excavation are reached the Supervisor will inspect the ground exposed, and if he considers it unsuitable he may direct the Contractor to excavate further. Such further excavation shall be refilled to the specified levels or limits with concrete, cement stabilized or suitable fill material as directed by the Supervisor. Such further excavation and refilling shall be measured for payment.

6.24.8 当达到地层水平或开挖极限时，监理将检查暴露的地面，如果他认为不合适，他可以指示承包商进一步开挖。此类进一步开挖应按照监理的指示，使用混凝土、水泥稳定或合适的填充材料回填至规定的水平或极限。此类进一步开挖和回填应计量付款。

6.24.9 Should the materials forming the bottom of any excavation, while acceptable to the Supervisor at the time of his inspection, subsequently become unacceptable to him due to exposure to weather conditions or due to flooding or other causes, the Contractor shall remove any damaged, softened or loosened material. Such further excavation shall be re-filled to the specified levels or limits with concrete, cement stabilized or suitable fill material as directed by the Supervisor. Such further excavation and re-filling shall be carried out at Contractor’s own cost.

6.24.9 如果构成任何开挖底部的材料在监理检查时是可接受的，但随后由于暴露在天气条件下或由于洪水或其他原因而变得不可接受，承包商应清除任何损坏、软化或松动的材料。此类进一步开挖应按照监理的指示，使用混凝土、水泥稳定或合适的填充材料重新填充至规定的水平或极限。承包商应自费进行此类进一步开挖和回填。

6.24.10 The Contractor shall take such steps as are necessary to prevent damage to the formation due to exposure to the atmosphere or groundwater. Should any part of the formation be damaged through the Contractor’s negligence or method of working, the Contractor shall, at his own expense, excavate further to such depths as the Supervisor directs and refill to original formation level with concrete Grade 20 or selected filling material to be accepted by the Supervisor at the Contractor’s own expense.

6.24.10 承包商应采取必要措施，防止暴露在大气或地下水中对地层造成损坏。如果由于承包商的疏忽或工作方法导致地层的任何部分受损，承包商应自费进一步开挖至监理指示的深度，并用20级混凝土或监理认可的选定填充材料回填至原始地层水平，费用由承包商承担。

6.24.11 The sides of pits and trenches shall be adequately supported at all times. Alternatively, except where this contract expressly requires otherwise, they may be suitably battered.

6.24.11 坑和沟槽的侧面应始终得到充分支撑。或者，除非本合同另有明确要求，坑和沟槽的侧面应适当放坡。

6.24.12 Trenches and pits cut in carriageways and footways which are to remain open to traffic following completion of this contract shall have the limits of excavation defined by saw cuts for a minimum depth of 25 mm and the remaining excavation shall be carried out in such a manner as to avoid disturbance of the adjacent pavement.

6.24.12 在本合同完成后，如需对使用中的的车道和人行道内部切割沟渠和坑，则应采用最小深度为25mm的盘踞开槽以明确开挖边界，后续开挖应以避免干扰相邻路面的使用。

6.24.13 Excavation of trenches, pits etc. alongside toes of slopes and retaining walls shall be undertaken in a safe manner such that the stability of the slopes and retaining walls is maintained at all times. When necessary as required by the Supervisor, the method of working for the excavations shall be provided to the Supervisor for his acceptance.

6.24.13 应以安全的方式开挖坡脚和挡土墙旁边的沟渠、坑等，以确保始终保持边坡和挡土墙的稳定性。当监理人要求时，应向监理人提供开挖作业方法，供其验收。

6.24.14 The Contractor shall be responsible for the design of the temporary support and groundwater control system to comply with the requirements of this contract. Compliance with the minimum requirements set out in this contract shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities. In order to demonstrate compliance with these requirements, the Contractor shall as part of his submission to the Independent Checking Engineer and the Supervisor for temporary waling and strutting be required to carry out a detailed analysis which includes the following: (a) Derive the load capacity, and preload required of the support system, (b) Predict wall deflections for each major excavation/construction stage, the wall deflection and the effects on adjacent ground, slopes, retaining walls, roads, buildings, structures, railways and utilities, (c) Derive the groundwater control details including grouting and recharge system required, (d) Derive temporary measures to stabilize the surrounding slopes and retaining walls affected by the excavation, and (e) Predict for each major excavation/construction stage drawdown levels outside the temporary excavation support, and movements of adjacent ground, slope, retaining walls, roads, buildings, structures, railways and utilities due to the predicted drawdown.

6.24.14 承包商应负责临时支架和地下水控制系统的设计，以符合本合同的要求。遵守本合同规定的最低要求不得免除承包商的责任。为了证明符合这些要求，承包商应作为其向独立检查工程师和监理提交的临时支护和支撑文件的一部分，进行详细分析，包括以下内容：（a）推导支撑系统所需的承载能力和预载，（b）预测每个主要开挖/施工阶段的墙偏转、墙偏转以及对邻近地面、斜坡、挡土墙、道路、建筑物、结构、铁路和公用事业的影响；（c）推导地下水控制细节，包括所需的灌浆和补给系统；（d）推导稳定周围斜坡的临时措施

6.24.15 The Contractor shall ensure that the information provided is adequate and correct and shall make any additional allowances he considers necessary.

6.24.15 承包商应确保提供的信息是充分和正确的，并应提供他认为必要的任何额外津贴。