General Specification for Civil Engineering Works, 2020 Edition

The General Specification for Civil Engineering Works lays down the quality of materials, the standards of workmanship, the testing methods and the acceptance criteria for civil engineering works undertaken for the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Where necessary, this General Specification should be supplemented by a particular specification.

土木工程通用指南规定了为香港特别行政区政府承建的土木工程的材料质量、工艺标准、测试方法和验收准则。 必要时，本通用指南应补充特定技术要求。

6.15.1 Earthworks after site clearance, excavation or filling and earthworks material after excavation shall be kept free of water and shall be protected from damage due to water and from exposure to weather conditions which may affect the earthworks or earthworks material. The measures to be taken shall include the following: (a) As stated in Clauses 1.19 and 1.20. (b) Surfaces shall be maintained in a stable condition and shall be formed to falls to shed water and to prevent ponding. (c) The area of exposed surfaces shall be kept to a minimum.

6.15.1 场地清理、挖掘或填充后的土方工程以及开挖后的土方工程材料应保持无水，并应防止水损坏和暴露于可能影响土方工程或土方材料的天气条件。 采取的措施应包括以下内容： (a) 如第 1.19 条和第 1.20 条所述。 (b) 表面应保持稳定状态，并应形成跌水以排水并防止积水。 (c) 暴露表面的面积应保持在最低限度。

6.15.2 Excavations for structures, pits and trenches shall not be carried out on or adjacent to slopes unless measures are taken to drain the excavation and to prevent water from the excavation entering the slope.

6.15.2 除非采取措施排水并防止水进入斜坡，否则不得在斜坡上或斜坡附近进行构筑物、坑和沟渠的开挖。

6.15.3 The works shall be maintained free of water. All surface of excavation and fill shall be formed to provide adequate drainage falls at all times. Temporary drains, sumps and pumping shall be provided by the Contractor as necessary.

6.15.3 工程应保持无水。 所有开挖和填方表面均应平整，以始终提供足够的排水落差。 承包商应根据需要提供临时排水沟、污水坑和抽水设施。

6.15.4 The Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining the drainage system until the completion of the works, or as directed by the Supervisor. All necessary labours or equipment, such as submersible pumps, electric power shall be provided to ensure the proper functioning of the drainage system.

6.15.4 承包商应负责维护排水系统直至工程完成，或按照监理人的指示。 应提供所有必要的劳动力或设备，如潜水泵、电力，以确保排水系统的正常运行。

6.15.5 All surface water shall be directed through silt traps prior to discharging into the permanent drainage systems.

6.15.5 所有地表水在排入永久排水系统之前应先通过淤泥收集器。

6.15.6 The Contractor shall submit his proposed temporary drainage system for acceptance.

6.15.6 承包商应将其提议的临时排水系统提交验收。

6.15.7 The Contractor shall measure and report the variation of the groundwater levels in the various existing and proposed groundwater monitoring locations on site to the Supervisor on a weekly basis.

6.15.7 承包商应每周测量现场各个现有和拟建地下水监测点的地下水位变化并向监理报告。

6.15.8 If a rise in piezometric level is noted to lie above the predicted design groundwater level for any excavation or slope design the Contractor shall immediately inform the Supervisor. If in the opinion of the Supervisor the rise in level poses a risk to the stability of the excavation or adjacent slopes then he may suspend the blasting and / or slopeworks in that area. The Contractor shall submit a proposal to deal with, or reduce, the excessive piezometric level where it poses a risk to the stability of the excavation or adjacent slopes. These works shall not recommence until authorised by the Supervisor.

6.15.8 如果发现测压水位上升高于任何开挖或斜坡设计的预测设计地下水位，承包商应立即通知监理人。 如果监理人认为水位上升对挖掘或邻近斜坡的稳定性构成风险，则他可以暂停该区域的爆破和/或斜坡工程。 当测压水位过高对开挖或邻近斜坡的稳定性构成风险时，承包商应提交一份解决方案或减少该水位。 这些工程在获得主管授权之前不得重新开始。

6.16.1 Earthworks material which has been used, or is required for use, in the permanent work and which is allowed to become unsuitable such that in the opinion of the Engineer it no longer complies with the specified requirements for that type of material shall be replaced or dealt with by methods agreed by the Engineer.

6.16.1 已在永久性工程中使用或需要使用的土方材料，如果工程师认为其不再适合该类型材料的规定要求，则应更换或处理该材料。 采用工程师同意的方法。

6.16.2 Earthworks material which is not stated in the Contract to be excavated and which the Contractor causes or allows to deteriorate such that in the opinion of the Engineer the permanent work will be affected shall be replaced or dealt with by methods agreed by the Engineer.

6.16.2 合同中未规定的待挖掘土方材料，以及承包商导致或允许其变质以致工程师认为永久工程将受到影响的土方工程材料，应按工程师同意的方法进行更换或处理。

6.16.3 Material provided to replace earthworks material, which has been allowed to become unsuitable, or which the Contractor causes or allows to deteriorate, shall be an equivalent material approved by the Engineer. The replacement material shall have the same volume after compaction as the material replaced.

6.16.3 提供的用于替代已变得不合适或承包商导致或允许变质的土方材料的材料应是经工程师批准的等效材料。 替换材料压实后的体积应与被替换材料的体积相同。

6.16.4 The material that is to be replaced shall be disposed of by the Contractor.

6.16.4 待更换的材料应由承包商处置。

6.17.1 Earthworks material which is not stated in the Contract to be excavated but which in the opinion of the Engineer has inadequate strength, durability or stability shall be dealt with by additional excavation or filling as stated in Clause 6.17(2) or by stabilisation as stated in Clause 6.17(3) or by other methods instructed by the Engineer.

6.17.1 合同中未规定要开挖但工程师认为强度、耐久性或稳定性不足的土方材料，应按第 6.17(2) 条规定进行额外开挖或填充，或按第 6.17(2) 条规定进行稳定处理。 第6.17(3)条或工程师指示的其他方法。

6.17.2 Additional excavation shall be carried out and the resulting voids shall be dealt with as follows: (a) General fill material, fine fill material or special fill material shall be deposited and compacted below areas of fill and below formations other than in rock. (b) Grade 10 concrete shall be placed and compacted below formations in rock. (c) Granular fill material shall be deposited below standing water.

6.17.2 如出现额外开挖，则对由此产生的空隙进行如下处理： (a) 一般填充材料、精细填充材料或特殊填充材料应沉积并压实在填充区域下方和岩石以外的地层下方。 (b) 10 级混凝土应放置在岩石地层下方并压实。 (c) 粒状填充材料应沉积在静水以下。

6.17.3 Stabilisation shall be carried out using rock fill material (Grade 400) deposited directly into the original unstable material and compacted to form a stable foundation on which to construct the subsequent work.

6.17.3 应使用直接沉积在原始不稳定材料中的石料（400级）进行稳定，并压实以形成稳定的基础，以便在其上进行后续工程。

6.18.1 Earthworks material that is required for use in the permanent work as fill material shall not be removed from the Site unless permitted by the Engineer. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer before any earthworks material is removed from the Site.

6.18.1 除非工程师允许，否则不得将永久性工程中需要用作填充材料的土方工程材料从现场移除。承包商应在从现场移除任何土方工程材料之前通知工程师。

6.18.2 Care shall be taken not to disturb or damage existing and serviceable drains, gas or water mains, cables or other services encountered during the course of the works. Should any damage occur, the Supervisor and the Authority concerned shall be notified immediately and all damage made good at the Contractor's expense.

6.18.2 应注意不要干扰或损坏工程过程中遇到的现有和可用的排水管、煤气或水管、电缆或其他服务。如果发生任何损坏，应立即通知监理人和有关当局，并修复所有损坏，费用由承包商承担。

6.18.3 The Contractor shall make all necessary searches and investigations of utilities and services within the Site and inform the Supervisor of the necessary removal, re-direction, de-commissioning or reprovision required to ensure that works can proceed. The Contractor shall undertake these investigations, removals, re-direction, de-commissioning or reprovision in consultation with the utility owner and shall be at the Contractor's expense.

6.18.3 承包商应对现场内的公用设施和服务进行所有必要的搜查和调查，并通知监理必要的拆除、重新引导、调试或重新安排，以确保工程能够继续进行。承包商应与公用事业所有人协商，进行这些调查、拆除、重新引导、调试或重新规划，费用由承包商承担。

6.18.4 Where the Contractor removes old abandoned services pipes or materials he shall do so to appropriate disposal location or licensed tip. He shall identify whether the contents of the pipe, its material has significant levels of contaminants to require disposal to a licensed tip. The investigation and removal to a licensed tip shall be at the Contractor’s expense.

6.18.4 如果承包商移除旧的废弃服务管道或材料，则承包商应将其移至适当的处置地点或许可的倾倒点。承包商应确定管道的内容物及其材料是否含有大量污染物，需要将其处理到许可的倾倒点。承包商应自费调查并将其移到许可的垃圾场。

6.18.5 The required quantity of backfilling material shall be obtained from suitable surplus excavated materials that shall be stockpiled on site. The Contractor shall submit to the Supervisor for acceptance the proposed area required for stockpiling the excavated materials.

6.18.5 所需数量的回填材料应从适当的剩余开挖材料中获得，这些材料应堆放在现场。承包商应向监理人提交堆放开挖料所需的拟定区域，以供验收。

6.18.6 The Contractor shall take measures to control the level of the groundwater in order to maintain stability of the ground during the progress of the works. The Contractor shall propose suitable dewatering measures where necessary for acceptance by the Supervisor. The Contractor shall comply with the requirement of this contract and the instructions and directions of the Supervisor and ensure that the measures taken shall at the time be sufficient and not deleterious.

6.18.6 承包商应采取措施控制地下水水位，以在工程施工过程中保持地面稳定。必要时，承包商应提出适当的排水措施，供监理人验收。承包商应遵守本合同的要求以及监理人的指示和指示，并确保当时所采取的措施是充分的且不有害的。

6.18.7 Unless otherwise permitted by the Supervisor, where a formation is below the ground water table or would be adversely affected by infiltration from other sources, suitable dewatering methods shall be employed to protect the formation and ensure its stability and to ensure that there is no free water on the formation when it is to receive concrete, backfill or other construction materials.

6.18.7 除非监理人另有许可，否则当地层低于地下水位或会受到其他来源渗透的不利影响时，应采用适当的降水方法来保护地层并确保其稳定性，并确保在接收混凝土、回填土或其他施工材料时，地层上没有游离水。

6.18.8 The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to prevent any adjacent ground from being adversely affected by loss of fines through any dewatering process.

6.18.8 承包商应采取一切必要的预防措施，防止任何相邻地面因任何降水过程中的细料损失而受到不利影响。

6.18.9 The dewatering system shall be retained in operation until construction and backfilling is sufficiently well advanced that the restoration of natural ground water levels will not adversely affect the works.

6.18.9 排水系统应保持运行，直到施工和回填充分推进，自然地下水位的恢复不会对工程产生不利影响。

6.18.10 Water from dewatering systems and excavation shall be disposed of in such manner as will not cause injury to persons or property nor to work completed or in progress.

6.18.10 排水系统和开挖产生的水应以不会对人员或财产造成伤害，也不会对已完成或正在进行的工程造成伤害的方式进行处理。

6.18.11 Earthmoving plant shall not be used as compaction equipment.

6.18.11 土方设备不得用作压实设备。

6.18.12 Where perforated pipes are to be used the perforations shall be on the upper side of the pipe and sizes shall be as follows: (1) Hole diameter < D₈₅F; (2) Width of slot < 0.83 x D₈₅F; Where D₈₅F is the sieve size which passes 85% of the filter material.

6.18.12 如果要使用开孔管道，开孔应在管道的上侧，尺寸如下：（1）孔径85F；（2） 插槽宽度<0.83 x D₈₅F；其中D₈₅F是通过85%过滤材料的筛网尺寸。