General Specification for Civil Engineering Works, 2020 Edition

The General Specification for Civil Engineering Works lays down the quality of materials, the standards of workmanship, the testing methods and the acceptance criteria for civil engineering works undertaken for the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Where necessary, this General Specification should be supplemented by a particular specification.

土木工程通用指南规定了为香港特别行政区政府承建的土木工程的材料质量、工艺标准、测试方法和验收准则。 必要时，本通用指南应补充特定技术要求。

6.01 Reclamation shall comply with Section 21 except as stated in this Section.

6.01 除本节规定外，填海应遵守第21节的规定。

The Contractor shall take adequate measures to safeguard the safety of all plants working on slope. At each layer of fill compaction work on slope, the outermost 1 metre edge shall be compacted with handheld equipment such as vibro-tampers or power rammers. Such restricted zone should be clearly marked with red/white hazard warning tapes or equivalent warning devices.

承包商应采取充分措施保障在斜坡上作业的所有设备的安全。 边坡每层填方压实作业时，最外层 1 米边缘应使用振动夯或动力夯等手持设备压实。 此类限制区域应清楚地标有红色/白色危险警告带或同等警告装置。

All in-situ tests specified for fill materials shall be carried out by the staff from the Client's laboratory (i.e. Public Works Laboratory or other laboratory as instructed by the Project Manager). Such tests shall not be carried out by other laboratories unless permitted by the Project Manager.

所有回填材料现场测试均应由客户实验室（即公共工程实验室或项目经理指示的其他实验室）的工作人员进行。 除非项目经理允许，否则其他实验室不得进行此类测试。

6.02 The disposal of construction and demolition materials generated from the Contract shall comply with the Trip-ticket System promulgated by the Environment, Transport and Works Bureau.

6.02 因合约而产生的建筑及拆卸材料的处置，须遵守环境运输工务局颁布的车票制度。

6.03 Areas of fill are areas within the Site, including areas in embankments, platforms and slopes and in excavations for structures, pits and trenches, in which fill material is deposited and compacted as part of the permanent work.

6.03 填充区域是指场地内的路堤、平台和斜坡以及建筑物、坑和沟渠的挖掘区域，其中填充材料作为永久工程的一部分被沉积和压实。

6.04 Earthworks final surface is the surface to which the work included in Section 6 is finished.

6.04 土方工程最终完成面是指本指南第 6 节所述工程完成后的表面。

Where not directed by the Project Manager, excavation outside the limits specified for general excavation, excavation for structures, and foundations shall be considered as excessive excavation. The Contractor shall remove all material resulting from excessive excavation and shall make good the same by the method and material agreed or as required by the Supervisor having regard to the circumstances at the Contractor’s expense.

如果没有项目经理的指示，超出一般开挖、为结构与基础施工所需限定深度的开挖应被视为过度开挖。 承包商应清除因过度开挖而产生的所有材料，并按照监理人考虑情况后商定的方法和材料或要求进行修复，费用由承包商承担。

6.05 Inert construction and demolition material shall mean rock, rubble, earth, soil, concrete, asphalt, brick, tile and masonry generated from construction and demolition works.

6.05 惰性建筑材料是指修建和拆除工程中产生的岩石、碎石、泥土、土壤、混凝土、沥青、砖、瓦和砖石。

6.06 Earthworks material may consist of soil, rock, or inert construction and demolition material on or below the Site at the commencement of the Contract, or which is imported to the Site to carry out the Works.

6.06 土方工程材料可能包括合同开始时现场地面或地下的土壤、岩石或惰性建筑材料，或者运输到现场用于本工程的材料。

(1)Earthworks material may consist of soil, rock or artificial material of any kinds, or inert construction and demolition material on or below the Site at the commencement of this contract, or which is imported to the Site to carry out the works. (2) Neither the Client nor the Project Manager warrants the quality of the fill materials on site. The Contractor shall make his own examination and inspection on the nature of the fill material on site and allowed for this situation in his Tender.

(1)土方工程材料可以包括土壤、岩石或合适的人造材料，或本合同开始时现场地表或其下方的惰性建筑材料，或进口到现场进行工程的材料。 (2) 业主和项目经理均不保证现场填充材料的质量。 承包商应自行对现场填充材料的性质进行检查和检查，并在其投标书中考虑到这种情况。

6.07 Formation is that part of the earthworks final surface on which a pavement, structure or utility, is constructed, or on which the blinding or bedding for a pavement, structure or utility is placed.

6.07 地层是土方工程最终表面的一部分，在其上建造路面、结构或公用设施，或者在其上放置路面、结构或公用设施的盲板或垫层。

6.08 Intermediate areas of fill are areas of fill which are stated in the Contract as such, and in which fill material is deposited and compacted directly into shallow water or onto naturally occurring soft ground.

6.08 填方区域是合同中规定的，采用填充材料直接沉积并压实到浅水中或天然存在的软土上的区域。

Excavation formation shall mean the surface of the ground after completion of the excavation and prior to placing overlying fill. Foundation formation shall mean the surface of the ground beneath the foundation as shown on the Drawings. C&D material shall be materials generated by the construction activities and include both inert and non-inert materials. The inert portion is classified as "public fill" and the non-inert portion as "C&D waste". C&D waste is the non-inert portion of C&D material that is not suitable to be used as fill material, or disposed of at public filling facilities.

开挖地貌是指开挖完成后、放置上覆填土之前的地面表面。 基础结构是指设计图纸所示的基础下方的地面表面。 拆建材料应为施工活动产生的材料，包括惰性材料和非惰性材料。 惰性部分被归类为“公用填料”，非惰性部分被归类为“拆建废料”。 拆建废料是 C&D 材料中的非惰性部分，不适合用作填充材料或在公共堆填场处置。

6.09.1 Fill material shall consist of naturally occurring or processed material, or inert construction and demolition material, which at the time of deposition is capable of being compacted in accordance with the specified requirements to form stable areas of fill.

6.09.1 填方材料应由天然或加工材料或惰性建筑材料组成，这些材料在沉积时能够根据规定的要求压实，形成稳定的填方区域。

6.09.2 Fill material shall not contain any of the following: (a) Material susceptible to volume change, including marine mud, soil with a liquid limit exceeding 65% or a plasticity index exceeding 35%, swelling clays and collapsible soils, (b) Peat, vegetation, timber, organic, soluble or perishable material, (c) Dangerous or toxic material or material susceptible to combustion, (d) Metal, rubber, plastic or synthetic material, (e) rock fragments of size greater than that as specified; (f) artificial hard materials such as bituminous materials, bricks and other building debris; and (g) topsoil.

6.09.2 填方材料不得含有下列物质： (a) 容易发生体积变化的材料，包括海泥、液限超过 65% 或塑性指数超过 35% 的土壤、膨胀粘土和湿陷性土壤， (b) 泥炭、 植被、木材、有机、可溶或易腐材料， (c) 危险或有毒材料或易燃烧材料，(d) 金属、橡胶、塑料或合成材料, (e) 尺寸大于规定的岩石碎片； (f) 人造硬质材料，例如沥青材料、砖块和其他建筑垃圾； (g) 表土。

6.09.3 The different types of fill material shall have the particle size distributions within the ranges stated in Table 6.1.

6.09.3 不同类型的填充材料的粒度分布应在表6.1规定的范围内。

6.09.4 Special fill material shall consist of material which has a liquid limit not exceeding 45%, a plasticity index not exceeding 20% and a coefficient of uniformity exceeding 50.

6.09.4 特种填充材料应由液限不超过45%、塑性指数不超过20%、均匀系数超过50的材料组成。

6.09.5 Granular fill material shall consist of clean, hard and durable material including recycled aggregates, rock and concrete. Rock fill material shall consist of pieces of concrete or hard and durable rock of which the maximum size shall not be greater than three times the minimum dimension of individual pieces and in the opinion of the Engineer not more than 30% by mass is discoloured or shows evidence of decomposition. Recycled rock fill material (Grade 200) shall be recycled rock or inert construction and demolition material which is hard and durable, and free from cracks, veins, and other evidence of decomposition. For works which use grade 200 rock fill material as specified in the contract, priority shall be given to using grade 200 recycled rock fill material unless the material is found inappropriate by the Engineer. The soluble sulphate content of fill material placed within 500 mm of concrete, cement bound material or cementitious material shall not exceed 1.9 grams of sulphate, expressed as SO3, per litre. The total sulphate content, expressed as SO 3 , of fill material placed within 500 mm of metalwork shall not exceed 0.5% by mass. Well-graded material shall consist of material that has a coefficient of uniformity exceeding 10. Uniform-graded material shall consist of material that has a coefficient of uniformity of 10 or less.

6.09.5 颗粒填充材料应由清洁、坚硬和耐用的材料组成，包括再生骨料、岩石和混凝土。岩石填充材料应由混凝土块或坚硬耐用的岩石组成，其最大尺寸不得大于单个块的最小尺寸的三倍，并且根据工程师的意见，不超过质量的30% 变色或有分解迹象。再生岩石填充材料（200 级）应为再生岩石或惰性建筑材料，坚硬耐用，无裂缝、纹理和其他分解迹象。合同规定使用200级堆石料的工程，除工程师认为不合适外，应优先采用200级再生堆石料。混凝土、水泥粘结材料或胶凝材料 500 毫米范围内的填充材料的可溶性硫酸盐含量不得超过每升1.9克硫酸盐（以 SO3 表示）。放置在金属制品 500 毫米范围内的填充材料的总硫酸盐含量（以SO3表示）不得超过质量的 0.5%。级配良好的材料应由均匀系数超过10的材料组成。级配均匀的材料应由均匀系数等于或小于10的材料组成。

6.09.6 Stabilised soil fill shall consist of a mixture of cement and sand and soil in the proportions by weight of 1 part of cement and 3 parts to sand to 18 parts of selected soil. The soil selected shall be well graded with 100% passing the 20 mm sieve and no more than 50% passing the 63 micron sieve and shall have a liquid limit less than 50, plasticity index less than 18, and shall not include organic material. The use of contaminated material for filling shall not be permitted, except with the Project Manager’s acceptance. Recycled fill materials shall be used whenever possible, as imported granular fill, sub-base and rock fill materials for this contract. The recycled fill material shall comply with the requirements for fill material as stipulated in Section 6 of the GS for the relevant types of fill materials. Rock and artificial hard material excavated on site shall be re-used wherever possible. Material for backfilling adjacent to foundations, ground beams and retaining walls shall be well graded granular material with a maximum particle size of 100 mm to the acceptance of the Supervisor. The Contractor shall submit to the Supervisor for acceptance results of index tests and particle size distribution of the fill material. On receipt of instructions the Contractor shall send representative samples of each material weighing at least 25 kg to the Public Works Laboratory for testing (BS1377 : 1990). The source of each sample shall be identified along with a general description of the material.

6.09.6 稳定土填料应由水泥、沙子和土壤的混合物组成，其重量比例为 1 份水泥和 3 份沙子，18 份选定的土壤。 所选土应级配良好，通过20毫米筛子的比例为100%，通过63微米筛子的比例不超过50%，液限小于50，塑性指数小于18，且不得含有有机物。 除非项目经理同意，否则不得使用受污染的材料进行填充。 应尽可能使用回收的填充材料，作为本合同的输入颗粒填充材料、底基层和岩石填充材料。 回收的填充材料应符合General Specification第 6 节中针对相关类型填充材料规定的填充材料要求。 现场挖掘的岩石和人造硬质材料应尽可能重复利用。 邻近地基、地梁和挡土墙的回填材料应采用级配好的颗粒材料，最大粒径为 100mm，并经监理验收。承包商应向监理人提交填充材料的指标测试和粒度分布的验收结果。 收到指示后，承包商应将每种材料的代表性样品（重量至少为 25 公斤）发送至公共工程实验室进行测试（BS1377: 1990）。 应标明每个样品的来源以及材料的一般描述。

6.09.7 (1) The grading of filter material shall be such as to: (a) prevent the filling material from being washed through the filter; (b) ensure the free discharge of groundwater and seepage that reaches the filter. (2) Unless otherwise specified the Contractor shall ensure that the material used complies with the requirements given below. The results of three grading tests on both the filter material (F) and base soil (S) and calculations showing compliance with the requirements below shall be submitted to the Supervisor for acceptance prior to backfilling. Particle size distribution testing shall be in accordance with Clauses 8.2 and 8.4 of Geospec 3 without the use of dispersants. (3) Filter Material Requirements: (a) D15Fc shall be less than 5 x D85Sf, (b) D15Fc shall be less than 40 x D15Sf, For uniform soils (i.e. D60S/D10S less than 4), this criterion shall be modified to 20 x D15Sf; (c) D15Ff shall be greater than 5 x D15Sc; (d) D50Fc shall be less than 25 x D50Sf; (e) Uniformity Coefficient D60F/D10F shall be greater than 4 and less than 20; (f) Material shall not be gap graded (i.e. having two or more distinct sections of the grading curve separated by sub-horizontal portions.) (g) Maximum size of particles shall be less than 50 mm. (h) Not more than 5% passing the 75 microns sieve (50 microns sieve for retaining wall) and this fraction to be cohesionless. In the summary above, D15F is used to designate the fifteen percent size of the filter material, that is, the size of the sieve that allows fifteen percent by weight of the filter material to pass through it. Similarly, D85S designates the size of sieve that allows eighty-five percent by weight of the base soil passing through it. D50Fc indicates the D50 size on the coarse side of the filter envelope. D15Ff indicates the D15 size on the fine side of the filter envelope.

6.09.7 (1) 过滤材料的分级应如下： (a) 防止填充材料通过过滤器被冲刷； (b) 确保到达过滤器的地下水和渗漏物能够自由排放。 (2) 除非另有规定，承包商应确保所使用的材料符合下列要求。 对过滤材料（F）和基土（S）进行的三项分级测试的结果以及表明符合以下要求的计算结果应在回填前提交给监理人员验收。 粒度分布测试应符合 Geospec 3 的第 8.2 和 8.4 条，且不使用分散剂。 (3) 过滤材料要求： (a) D15Fc 应小于 5 x D85Sf， (b) D15Fc 应小于 40 x D15Sf，对于均匀土壤（即 D60S/D10S 小于 4），此标准应修改为 20×D15Sf； (c) D15Ff 应大于 5 x D15Sc； (d) D50Fc 应小于 25 x D50Sf； (e) 均匀系数D60F/D10F应大于4且小于20； (f) 材料不得进行间隙分级（即分级曲线有两个或多个不同部分，由次水平部分隔开。） (g) 颗粒的最大尺寸应小于50毫米。 (h) 不超过5%通过75微米筛（挡土墙用50微米筛），并且该部分是无粘性的。在上面的概述中，D15F用于指定过滤材料的百分之十五尺寸，即允许过滤材料重量的百分之十五通过的筛子的尺寸。 同样，D85S 表示筛子的尺寸，允许 85% 的基础土壤重量通过。 D50Fc 表示滤波器包络粗侧的 D50 尺寸。 D15Ff 表示滤波器包络细侧的 D15 尺寸。

6.09.8 Topsoil shall mean soil that by its nutrient content is capable of supporting the growth of vegetation. Any material having more than 80% of its particles within the particle size range 0.002 mm to 0.06 mm is classified as silt. Plastic soils shall mean those on which it is possible to carry out a plasticity index test in accordance with Clause 6.1 of Geospec 3. Non plastic soils shall mean those on which it is impossible to carry out a plasticity index test in accordance with Clause 6.1 of Geospec 3 and shall include such weak or weathered rocks and shale-like materials which are not solid rock, fragmented rock, and such industrial and domestic products as are suitable and accepted. No more than 50% of the particles shall be of cobble size and the remainder shall be of gravel size or smaller. The uniformity coefficient of the soils shall be determined by the formula D60/D10 from grading curves based on grading analyses performed according to Clauses 8.2 & 8.4 of Geospec 3, where D60 is the sieve size which passes 60% of the material. Materials whether obtained on or off site shall be classified as being either suitable or unsuitable. (a) Suitable material: Material which in the opinion of the Supervisor can be deposited, treated and compacted to form a stable fill in accordance with this Specification is a suitable material. Such treatment shall be accepted by the Supervisor and may include removal of material larger than permitted or by modification of the moisture content. (b)Unsuitable material: Unsuitable material is any material other than suitable material as defined above. Stable fill shall be compacted fill material that is acceptable to form part of the works. The in-situ field density of the compacted fill material shall be not less than 95% of the maximum dry density determined in accordance with Clause 10.5 of Geospec 3. The Contractor shall maximise the reuse of surplus excavated materials that are deemed suitable for filling in the works as far as possible.

6.09.8 表土是指其养分含量能够支持植被生长的土壤。 任何颗粒超过 80% 的颗粒尺寸范围在 0.002 毫米至 0.06 毫米之间的材料都被归类为淤泥。 塑性土壤是指可以按照 Geospec 3 第 6.1 条进行塑性指数测试的土壤。 非塑性土壤是指不能按照 Geospec 3 第 6.1 条进行塑性指数测试的土壤。 Geospec 3 应包括非坚固岩石的软弱或风化岩石和页岩类材料、碎石以及适合和接受的工业和家用产品。 鹅卵石尺寸的颗粒不应超过 50%，其余颗粒应为砾石尺寸或更小。 土壤的均匀系数应根据根据 Geospec 3 第 8.2 和 8.4 条进行的级配分析，通过级配曲线的公式 D60/D10 确定，其中 D60 是通过 60% 材料的筛子尺寸。 无论是在现场还是场外获得的材料均应分为合适或不合适。 (a) 合适的材料：主管认为可以按照本规范进行沉积、处理和压实以形成稳定填充物的材料是合适的材料。 此类处理应得到主管的认可，并可能包括去除大于允许的材料或改变水分含量。 (b) 不合适的材料：不合适的材料是指除上述定义的合适材料之外的任何材料。 稳定填料应是可以构成工程一部分的压实填料。 压实填充材料的原位现场密度应不小于根据 Geospec 3 第 10.5 条确定的最大干密度的 95%。承包商应最大限度地再利用被认为适合填充的剩余开挖材料。 尽可能地进行工作。

6.10.1 The following particulars of the proposed materials and methods of construction for earthworks shall be submitted to the Engineer: (a) Details of construction plant and haulage vehicles, (b) Methods of excavation and of deposition and compaction of fill material, (c) Use of different types of excavated material and sources of imported fill material, (d) Arrangements for stockpiling, sorting and separating excavated material, earthworks material and fill material, and for reusing and disposing of such materials, (e) Methods of controlling the moisture content of fill material, (f) Methods of controlling surface water and groundwater and of protecting earthworks and earthworks material from damage due to water and from weather conditions which may affect the earthworks or earthworks material, (g) Methods of monitoring groundwater levels, and (h) Methods of monitoring the ground and structures for movements.

6.10.1 土方工程的拟议材料和施工方法的以下详细信息应提交给工程师： (a) 施工设备和运输车辆的详细信息， (b) 挖掘、沉积和压实填充材料的方法， (c) 使用 (d) 挖掘材料、土方材料和填充材料的储存、分类和分离以及这些材料的再利用和处置的安排， (e) 控制水分含量的方法 (f) 控制地表水和地下水以及保护土方工程和土方工程材料免受水和可能影响土方工程或土方工程材料的天气条件损害的方法， (g) 监测地下水位的方法，以及 ( h) 监测地面和结构运动的方法。

6.10.2 (1) The following particulars of the proposed materials and methods of construction for earthworks shall be submitted to the Supervisor for his consent prior to carrying out any excavation, deposition and compaction of fill material and in-situ soil density tests. Details of recording and verifying the location, both to Hong Kong Grid and Principal Datum level of all in-situ soil density tests on backfilled compacted fill within the Site. Name of a HOKLAS approved laboratory with acceptance of the Project Manager to undertake all necessary sampling and testing at the Contractor's costs. The following particulars of the recycled fill material, shall be submitted to the Project Manager: (i) programme of collection; (ii) means and method of delivery; and (iii) expected daily delivery rate.

6.10.2 (1) 在进行任何挖掘、沉积和压实填充材料以及原位土壤密度测试之前，应将土方工程的拟议材料和施工方法的以下详情提交监理人同意。 记录和核实回填压实填土的所有原位土壤密度测试的香港网格和主要基准水平位置的详细信息在网站内。 香港实验室认可计划（HOKLAS）批准的实验室名称，并接受项目经理进行所有必要的取样和测试，费用由承包商承担。 还应向项目经理提交回收填充材料的以下详细信息： (i) 收集流程; (ii) 交付方式和方法； (iii) 预期每日交付率。